I've been asked to modify one of our many water conditioners so that it will remove/detoxify at least 4 mg/L of chlorine from tap water in countries such as Italy and Greece. The request comes with a statement from our distributor that these, and other, countries in Europe do not have chloramines in their tap waters.
The fact is, if water comes from wells, rivers or reservoirs it has some concentration of ammonia, NH3, in it. Unless special procedures are used (e.g. breakpoint chlorination) that ammonia will pass on into and through the rest of the water treatment process, including the chlorination step. Breakpoint chlorination is most often used in swimming pools where it is more economical, but in water treatment this process can mean utilizing more chlorine than is necessary due to the chemical reactions of chlorine with ammonia and nitrogenous organics. In that process the chlorine reacts with ammonia until nitrogen trichloride, NCl3, which breaks down into chloride ions and free nitrogen, N2. Additional chlorine, then, is needed to produce enough residual to be disinfecting.
Do any of you have direct, professional experience with water quality in Italy or Greece, or in any other European countries? If so, let us hear from your about chlorine and chloramines in the tap waters. Thank you.
==JFK==
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